This article is an analysis of the juridical structure of the freedom of business activity from the perspective of the state system. It has been indicated that for the correct understanding of this freedom, it ought to be recognized in the perspective of its origin, economic system, principles of law and its subject and substantive scope. The above indicates, therefore, the multidimensional nature of the freedom of business activity and its importance for the proper development of economic relations. The article also indicates that theoretical findings should be the basis for the proper development of ordinary legislation which will affect the exercise of economic freedom in the sphere of undertaking and conducting business activity by entrepreneurs.