The author analyses the constitutional guarantees of social security rights in the Republic of Belarus and investigates the relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus. The article scrutinizes the modern system of social security and the recent legal reforms related to social security. On the one hand, a strong historical path dependency of the Constitution of 1994 in relation to the Constitution of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic of 1978 is notable regarding detailed regulation of social rights. On the other hand, considerable reforms in the area of social security (increasing of retirement age and contribution record, introduction of a professional pension insurance and abolishment of the social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases) have taken place.