This article attempts to examine the genre features of the dramatic works of Oleksandr Oles. The specific features of the reflected world outlook, and ideological contradictions that determine the deployment of the dramatic action and the development of a dramatic conflict will be determined. Attention is paid to the study of various forms of artistic conditionality which the writer uses in order to display the characteristic features of internal processes that influence the ways of perception and interpretation of external reality. Internal vicissitudes that occur in the minds of the heroes become the source of the formation of illusions that separate the heroes from the outside world. The playwright depicts paradoxical phenomena occurring due to the existence of parallel planes: the realities of objective reality and the illusions of the heroes. The writer shows the mechanism of the formation of illusions and their self-reproduction, which ultimately leads to devastating consequences.