The article presents institutions performing functions of a central contracting body in the Polish system of Public Procurement Law. It contains a comparison of particular issues and makes reference to the respective European Union provisions laid down in Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement. The author presents fundamental aims and results of awarding procurement contracts with the use of a central contracting body and indicates differences depending on whether a given institution has been appointed in central public administration, local self-government or is additionally a cross-border one. The main aim of appointing a central contracting body is to aggregate procurement, which is to ensure economic benefits for contracting parties. On the other hand, the main threat in this context consists in possible difficulties, which micro, small and medium-sized enterprises may have in obtaining access to the procurement market.