Mediation in criminal cases in Argentina is a mechanism governed by provincial law. Although this procedure has not been introduced in all regions, increasingly more provinces see the advantages of this procedure in resolving confl icts between the parties. Differences in provincial legislation provoke scholarly arguments concerning violations of constitutional guarantees. Despite theoretical concerns, it is appreciated in practice that criminal mediation is a time-effective measure, promoting pro-active approach of the parties to the confl ict, which has a positive impact on the society as a whole.